Western Alpine Movement Analysis Training Tool
This program was developed to focus on Movement Analysis (MA). It is specifically designed to address Movement Analysis Exam Criteria for the PSIA-AASI Western Division Alpine Discipline.
This MA Program addresses how students move. It talks about how to identify cause-and-effect relationships between a student’s movements and the action of their skis as well as prescription for change, and the effect that equipment may have on performance.
However, please remember that this is but one element of snowsports instruction. To teach a complete lesson, an instructor should not just focus on MA, but also assess all aspects of a student from learning styles, emotional and physical states, confidence levels, and their engagement with the lesson and the instructor. When used together, the instructor can formulate a lesson plan that is customized to their students for a purposeful, meaningful and personal exploration of skiing.
MOVEMENT ANALYSIS:
The National Standards for PSIA regarding Movement Analysis have three common assessment activities when looking to assess competency for PSIA Certification Levels 1-3:
- Observe: articulate (describe) accurate ski and body performances through at least one phase of the turn
- Evaluate: articulate accurate cause and effect relationships using one or more skiing fundamental
- Prescribe: create a pathway for improvement using one or more skiing fundamental
All 3 Cert levels use the following assessment criteria in graduated complexity:
- Accurately describe performances using the 5 fundamentals
- Link ski and body performances to describe cause and effect relationships
- Evaluate performance (real) against a more ideal model
- Prescribe a specific change to one or more fundamental using DIRT
- Relate how equipment choice affects skiing outcome
When developing a process to meet the criteria, the Alpine Technical Manual sites all systems should have three elements in common: observation, evaluation, and prescription. The observer should consider the following:
Observe: what, when and how does it happen?
- Turn shape and size. Skis relationship (parallel, converging etc.), symmetry from one turn to the next, is speed consistent?
- Whole vs Part: do you focus on the skier’s whole image? Or is the focus on a specific body part or specific phase of turn?
- What part(s) of the turn: initiation, shaping or finish
- Ski: Does it slip or grip, where is the spray? Do the skis move in a simultaneous way? What tracks are left on the snow?
- Body: Pressure fore or aft? Ski to ski pressure? How are joints flexed?
- DIRT: Where is the direction of the movements?
Evaluate: why is it happening?
- Cause and effect relationships; the body (cause) makes the ski do (effect)
- Focus on the cause
- Real vs Ideal: compare the skier’s performance to the desired outcome
- Prioritize what change (fundamental) will have the greatest impact.
Prescribe: prescription for changing the students’ performance.
- State an outcome using the fundamental focus prioritized in the evaluation phase
- Understand and describe how cause and effect links to stated outcome
- Create learning opportunities (progression, drill, or exercise) that are specific to stated outcome
- Understand the difference between instruction and feedback
- Give feedback that is clearly tied to the observation, evaluation and relevant to the stated outcome
DEFINITIONS:
The following descriptions and definitions will help with a common language for MA.
Ski Performance: includes the skis action, location (phase of the turn), relationship of the skis to each other and will include equipment variations
Body Performance: includes Rotational Control mechanics, Edge Control movements, Pressure Control movements, the location of said movements and the DIRT of the movements
Cause and Effect Relationships: “the body moves this way, and causes the ski to do this..” Evaluation of the cause or origin of an action, and its resulting effect or result. The observer must consider the intent of the skier, including his/her understanding. Equipment and mechanics are related factors.
Real vs Ideal: the instructor compares the students’ performance (real) to an optimal performance (ideal) for a given task, condition, intent, or mechanic.
DIRT: an acronym standing for Duration, Intensity, Rate and Timing. These are terms that attach value, and therefore description, to movements being observed.
Duration: Length of time the movement exists
Intensity: Power given to the movement. Amount, magnitude, or quantity.
Rate: The speed in which a movement occurs.
Timing: When the movement occurs. Could be in relation to another event.
Also, the direction of the movement relative to the slope should be considered.
Turn Size: short, medium, or long. Turn size is often defined by a corridor of a certain measurement. The skis side cut may be a factor.
Turn Shape: what path the ski takes. Often in conjunction with looking whether the skier is using braking or shaping to control speed. Common descriptions include C, J or Z shaped turns.
Drill: a task or exercise used to enforce a desired performance or retain knowledge
Exercise: situations and tasks to help break down and isolate certain movements and skills for development. Often combined into a progression.
Progression: a sequence of acts, movements, or events that increase in difficulty and are designed to meet a goal or outcome.
Instruction: prescriptive language that is directed towards improvement on agreed goal or outcome.
Feedback: clear information given to help clarify if a desired result was achieved
Understanding the Body Performance and Ski Performance as they relate to the fundamentals:
Note: While it is important to make improvements or refine an individual skill/fundamental, it is critical to effectively blend these together for various tasks, conditions, steepness etc. For example, short radius vs long radius turns, powder vs hard packed, groomed vs un-groomed and flatter vs steeper terrain.
National Ski Areas Association (NSAA) Operational Best Practices
An NSAA advisory group of ski industry leaders developed this website resource, and the Ski Well, Be Well operational best practices based on scientific guidelines from experts. These practices can be adapted to each ski area’s unique operation and can be scaled according to the appropriate local COVID-19 response.
SkiWellBeWell_2020
National Awards
By Blaine Lomen
PSIA-AASI W Board of Directors
Twice a year, PSIA-AASI gives awards in three categories. The three awards below are considered the Winter Awards with an application deadline date of December 31, 2020. The Spring Awards have an application deadline of April 30, 2021. We will send out an email the beginning of 2021 similar to this for those awards.
The awards have specific descriptions of what the recipient has accomplished and / or contributed to the organization. In addition, each award indicates who is eligible, who can nominate a candidate and has a link to the specific award applications. For more information click on The Snowpros link below.
https://www.thesnowpros.org/who-we-are/awards-recognition
The PSIA-AASI considers all applications though does not give out these awards lightly. The PSIA-AASI Western Board of Directors encourages all members to give serious consideration to either applying for themselves or someone else, who meets the standards set below. The honor bestowed upon the recipients of these awards is highly regarded and coveted. Not unlike Academy Award nominees, just to be considered for one of these awards is an honor unto itself! Thank you for helping the Western Division find and nominate worthy candidates for these prestigious awards.
Distinguished Service Award
This award recognizes those who have made important contributions that have added to the success of PSIA-AASI. These candidates have displayed long-term commitment and dedication by providing educational programming support, or by contributing to group and/or PSIA-AASI National Team efforts that involve important national initiatives. Other examples of distinguished service may include demonstrating positive leadership skills, fostering connections with and between members, or having a willingness to mentor peers – both young and experienced. Members and non-members, including staff, vendors and industry partners, are eligible to receive this award.
Past recipients: https://www.thesnowpros.org/download/Distinguished-Service.pdf
Who is eligible? Members, and non-members, including PSIA-AASI staff, vendors and industry partners
Who can nominate a candidate? PSIA-AASI Board of Directors, Committees, Divisional Boards, or PSIA-AASI members in good standing (all continuing education requirements have been met and dues have been paid)
Application Deadline: Nominations are due by December 31.
Application: https://form.jotform.com/82554653442156
Educational Excellence Award
This award recognizes those exceptional few members who authored PSIA-AASI educational materials over the years. They have added significantly to, and possibly even changed, the educational direction of PSIA-AASI. They have exhibited dedication, devotion and self-sacrifice contributing to the PSIA-AASI educational system, with ten years or more sustained outstanding service.
Past recipients: https://www.thesnowpros.org/download/Educational-Excellence.pdf
Who is eligible? Members that significantly contribute to the creation of PSIA-AASI education materials (with 10 years or more of service)
Who can nominate? PSIA-AASI Board of Directors, Committees, Divisional Boards, or PSIA-AASI members in good standing (all continuing education requirements have been met and dues have been paid)
Application Deadline: Nominations are due by December 31.
Application: https://form.jotform.com/82554270942156
Lifetime Achievement Award
This award recognizes exceptional members who have designed and implemented programs, projects and procedures affecting the association on a national level. They have exhibited dedication, devotion, and self-sacrifice serving in national level leadership positions.
Past recipients: https://www.thesnowpros.org/download/Lifetime-Achievement.pdf
Who is eligible? Members with 10 years or more sustained outstanding service
Who can nominate? PSIA-AASI Board of Directors, Committees, Divisional Boards, or PSIA-AASI members in good standing (all continuing education requirements have been met and dues have been paid)
Application Deadline: Nominations are due by December 31.
Application: https://form.jotform.com/82554468142157
Western Board Round Table
Report on Board Round Table with Membership
October 21, 2020
Greetings, fellow PSIA-AASI Western Division Members.
Last Wednesday, October 21, your Board of Directors conducted a round-table discussion for the membership, with the purpose of introducing this year’s Board as well as what the Board is focused on for the 20/21 Season. The Round Table was well attended, with over 50 participants in addition to the Board Members present.
Introduction of Board Members
Our Board is composed of 12 dedicated members of the Western Division volunteering hours of their time on your behalf.
Those Board Members are:
- Greg Lyons, Chairperson
- Blaine Loman, Vice Chair
- Jaime Marso-Tanner, Treasurer
- Tad Sheldon, Secretary
- Neil Bussiere, National Representative and Vice Chair of the National Board
- Artie Castro
- Chris Eckert
- Dan Healy
- Dan Ray
- Lars Ames
- Lea Logal
- Terry Peters
More about all of our Board Members can be found on the Western Division Website at this link:
Board Member Profiles
Board changes due to new By-Laws
Greg Lyons, our Board Chair, spoke to the change in direction the Board has taken this year with the newest version of the Bylaws as approved by our membership December 9, 2020.
The Board has changed its focus from an operations focus to a strategic focus.
As recently as last year, the Board was made up of people who chaired specific operational functions, such as the Snowboard or Cross-Country Task Forces, or Special Events like the Spring Convention. The Board was intimately involved in the operations, working with our very capable Office Team to make sure the year’s events including education, certification and special events.
For the first time this season, the Board is transitioning from an operational focus and delegating the operational responsibilities to our CEO and her team so that the Board has more of a Strategic Focus, thinking about where the organization needs to go for the next few years. In addition, the Board keeps in touch with the CEO to make sure our Western Division Ends are met. This brings us to:
Our Western “Ends”
Neil Bussiere, our National Representative and Vice Chair of the Board for the National introduced the concept of “Ends” to the Round Table participants. Essential, Ends are similar to Goals and Objectives, but really dictate why we as PSIA-AASI exist to serve our members. Unlike Goals and Objectives, Ends have no end date…they exist forever, or until the organization changes its mission. Our Vision Statement, Mission Statement, and top level Ends that the Board has set for our Western Division to follow are:
VISION: Create lifelong adventures through education
MISSION: To promote exceptional standards at all levels and disciplines of snowsports instruction. Build leadership in individuals through education, training and adventure. Inspire a lifelong passion for snowsports, adventure and the mountain experience. Connect snowsports instructors of the world in order to share, learn and grow.
1.0 Broadest End: PSIA-AASI W exists so that members enjoy benefits that enhance their success as professional instructors. These ends will be achieved at a level that justifies the resources invested. The Board of Directors need to ensure the Ends are met.
Priority Results:
1.1. Members experience relevant and meaningful professional development
A. Members have access to, and use, evolving resources and educational content aligned with their development needs.
B. Members develop valuable and distinct skills via education, certification and specialist opportunities
C. Members receive expanded professional benefits
1.2. Members benefit from participating in a diverse professional community and membership base
A. PSIA-AASI W and National’s programs and services complement each other
B. Professional networking and mentoring provides inspiration and personal fulfillment
C. Members identify as part of the profession globally, nationally, regionally, and locally
1.3. Members, the industry, and the public recognize and value PSIA-AASI W education, training, and credentials as a premier standard
A. Standards evolve and are applied with consistency
B. The public values PSIA-AASI W instruction and guest experience
C. Snowsports schools and resort management benefit from instructor credentials, competence, and skillset and resources available through PSIA-AASI W
D. The organization recognizes members for extraordinary contributions through awards.
1.4. PSIA-AASI W use available resources and economies of scale
A. Expanded revenue streams and Education Foundation growth allow creation of resources for members
B. Common systems, tools, and back office efficiencies are developed, continually enhanced and implemented
C. Communication tools are developed and continually enhanced, and messaging is shared
1.5. PSIA-AASI W and National’s strategic goals align
These are the Ends the Board has set, which are delegated to our CEO, Kristi Prochazka and her team to serve our members accordingly. More detail on the Ends can be found here. Other important documents include our Bylaws as approved by the Membership, our Governance Policy Manual and the Policies and Procedures. The latter two documents are managed by the Board.
What’s on the Board Agenda
Tad Sheldon discussed what the Board has done to date, and what our focus will be on moving through the rest of the season. There are several areas:
● Our transition from an Operational Board to a Strategic Board
● Division Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (and the resultant areas the Board needs to focus on for this season)
● Supporting Diversity, Equity and Inclusion work that is being done at the National Level
● Women’s Initiative Task Force, also supporting this work that is being done at the National Level
● COVID and the impact on the Snowsports Programs we may be involved in
An example of the work that has been done so far this season with the Board is the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (or SWOT). The Board brainstormed and came up with over 70 elements that fit in several categories. Once we had these documented, we prioritized and came up with a SWOT Diagram that represents where the Organization is right now.
Our 20/21 PSIA-AASI Western Division SWOT Diagram:
As you can see, much of the SWOT is focused where it should be, which is you, the membership. As a result of this, we’ve decided to focus on the following questions as an outcome from the SWOT Exercise:
“How can we otherwise increase the engagement of our membership? And how can we make our organization more relevant?”
As we work through all of these agenda items, we will report back to you regularly.
Western and the COVID-19 Crisis
Dan Healy, Board Member and Snowsports School Director at Sierra at Tahoe and Kristi Prochazka talked about what is happening with how the National Ski Area Association, PSIA-AASI and the Western Division was working on the COVID Crisis. Some of the highlights:
● PSIA-AASI Divisions’ Leadership working with the PSIA-AASI National office has spent significant time collaborating with the National Ski Area Association (NSAA) Members to support our member resorts in COVID response protocols for Snowsports Schools
● Western has appointed a COVID Medical Advisory Task Force with members who are in the medical field working the front lines of the COVID Crisis. The Goals of the Task Force:
● Conduct a webinar (to be scheduled) to further educate our Membership on what to prepare for the upcoming season
● Assist Western Division Staff with COVID Questions as needed
● The Board is aware that the COVID Crisis makes the scheduling of our education and certification events a fluid situation, and we ask for your flexibility as the season continues
Dan also spoke of his experience this fall as part of the Director Team at Sierra at Tahoe, and how their planning using data from NSAA and other resources helped them conduct a Mountain Cleanup with over 400 volunteers using some of the protocols they set up. The team at Sierra at Tahoe thought it was a very successful event, in part because of the preparations that the team had made there.
Kristi also spoke of some of the preparations ongoing with the Western Division Office, preparing for educational and certification events this winter. For more on this, please the Western Division Website.
Ed Foundation Update
Blaine Loman, Chair of the Ed Foundation and Vice Chair of our Board discussed updates from the Education Foundation, a very important organization that does an excellent job supporting our members. One of the biggest highlights is in part because of the hard work of your Education Foundation Board, donations have increased since the 15/16 season almost 700%. Thanks to all of the members who have contributed, so that many of our fellow instructors can receive financial aid in their quest to improve themselves as instructors through Education and Certification Events. Some other highlights:
● This season, the Education Foundation plans to award over 60 scholarships totaling $26,900 to support member training
● Examples of support:
● $3000 – Multiple Certification Scholarships: Twenty members who attempt a second or third discipline certification (Level 2 or 3), will receive $150 towards one module.
● $6000 – Level 2 and 3 Certification Scholarships: Forty members who attempt Level 2 or 3 in a discipline will receive $150 towards one module. The scholarships will be divided as follows: 18 Alpine, 18 Snowboard, and four more divided between Nordic and Adaptive.
● $1500 – National Academy Scholarships in the name of Miriam and Mike Sodergren: two members will each receive $750.
● Financial support for the training of our Education Staff and helping support two of our major education events
To apply for a scholarship, please visit the Western Division Website, and click on Education Foundation for more information.
Thanks again to the Education Foundation for their work in supporting our membership! Please support them with a donation.
Running for the Board for the 21-22 Season
Board Member Lea Logal talked about running for the Board for the next season. Four Board positions will be up for election. If you are interested, you can apply on our website at this link. Applications are due by February 15, 2021. The Western Division Board is seeking people who have an enthusiasm for supporting the Western Division. Please contact any of your Board Members or the Office if you have questions about serving on the Board.
Lea spoke of how serving on the Board has been a rewarding experience for her, even with not having any prior Board experience. This is a great opportunity for those who are making snowsports a career to gain some leadership skills as well as network in the industry. We encourage all members to consider running for the Board.
Please note: Board of Director members are volunteers. Board of Director candidates cannot be serving in any role that is paid for by PSIA-AASI Western Division, as there are conflict of interest laws in the state of California (plus other issues) with paid staff on the Board.
Summary
Greg Lyons came in for the wrapup:
● We know many of you are planning on continuing your training and want to take it to the next level this season.
● We have planned events even with the COVID uncertainty, but please plan on flexibility as schedules will most likely change throughout the season.
● If you need financial help to complete your training, please apply for a scholarship on the Education Foundation Website
Questions and Answers
If we have the Questions asked during the roundtable we should put them in and answer them here.
And Finally…
This is a screen grab from Squaw Valley – Alpine Meadows’s KT22 webcam dated April 6, 2020, a couple of weeks after the Snowsports Industry shut down. How can you not feel excited looking at all that fresh snow and not a track or a mogul. It may not have looked this way since Alex Cushing and Wayne Paulsen started building Squaw Valley back in the early ‘40’s.
We will ski and ride again if we remember to stay safe by following the new norms and use the support of our friends and family. Please be safe, continue to take PSIA-AASI Western Division training, follow your resort protocols and remember to protect yourselves as you serve our students.
Thank you for your support of the Western Division and the Western Division Education Foundation.
Tad Sheldon
Board Secretary
On behalf of the PSIA-AASI Western Division Board of Directors
2020-21 Western Event Calendar
More than half a year after the premature shutdown of the 2019-20 season and the ensuing uncertainty about everything, we are absolutely thrilled to announce the PSIA-AASI Western Division Calendar of events for the 2020-21 season.
Unfortunately, enough uncertainty remains that we have to say most everything is tentative. (The exceptions are our online learning options, webinars, and custom events scheduled at the request of or with the approval of individual ski or ride school directors.) In order to deal with this uncertainty, we’re using a Red/Green system in the calendar. The first column for each event on the calendar will be shaded Red or Green. It’s going to work like this:
RED STAGE
As we enter the new season, we will respect the resorts’ situations and allow them time to figure things out. Most events are starting at and will remain at the Red stage until we have confirmation from resorts that they are ready and able to host our events while complying with local, county and state regulations. At that time, the event will move to Green and registration for it will open.
GREEN STAGE
As resorts begin to open and operate safely and understand their level of restrictions, we will open registration to our calendar events based on what works for the resorts.
Initially, only online and cross-country events are in the Green stage. We expect Custom events, requested by individual snowsports schools and limited to their employees, and perhaps some Western Pop-Up Events (See below.) will be the events most likely next to go Green. (Details about requesting a Custom event can be found here – https://psia-w.org/home/events/customevents/)
Whether an event will actually happen will depend on up-to-date information and readiness, our ability to mitigate the risk of resurgence, and to protect all involved. Events will go Green and open for registration only in accord with state and county directives and resort approvals. The idea of the Red/Green stages is to allow all of us–the resorts, our ed staff, trainers and examiners, and you members who participate in the education events–to plan with as much certainty as is possible now and through the season.
WESTERN POP UP EVENTS
New this season will be Western Pop-Up Events which we hope will add something a little exciting and unexpected to the season. These events—announced with shorter notice than our annual calendar of events—might be training or educational events. They might be social events. They might be in a “classroom” or maybe online or they might be on snow. Follow our social pages (Facebook and Instagram) and make sure you move our PSIA-AASI emails into your primary inbox so you don’t risk missing the announcement of our Pop-Up events this season.
So with all that, here’s the Calendar. Check it often. It’s going to change. We’re hoping most, if not all, events at some point go Green. (We are not sure how things are going to go but we expect that some events may have fewer spaces this year than in the past. We’d encourage you to check the Calendar often and to sign up early to avoid being left out of a desired event.)
Adaptive Task Force Webinar Series
A message from your PSIA-AASI-W Adaptive Task Force:
During these crazy times of Covid-19 we are working to stay connected to one another. Adapting to our current situation means we are moving in a direction of virtual learning – lots of Zoom! In partnership with Rim Special Athletes, the Adaptive Task Force of PSIA-AASI-W has developed an exciting Adaptive webinar series featuring interactive online clinics at no charge. We encourage you to attend and invite your staff, volunteers, friends, and colleagues too. The Thursday evening (6:30pm) series will be scheduled as follows:
2020-21 Virtual Adaptive Interactive Clinic Series – Hosted by Rim Special Athletes and the PSIA-AASI Western Adaptive Task Force
Sept 24 @ 6:30 pm – Teaching the Student on the Autism Spectrum – Kim Meares
Oct 8 @ 6:30 pm -Touch Free Teaching – Dan Stormer
Oct 29 @ 6:30 pm- History of Adaptive Sliding – Katherine Hayes-Rodriquez and Ted Pitcher
Nov 5 @ 6:30 pm – How to Teach an Adaptive Student in an Alpine lesson – Jake Breidenbach
Nov 19 @ 6:30 pm – Creating a Successful Lesson for the Athlete with PTSD – Kim Meares
Dec 3 @ 6:30 pm – Teaching Adaptive Snowboard – Brent Kuemmerle
Dec 17 @ 6:30 pm – Bi-Ski Basics – John Pacente, USARC
Jan 7 @ 6:30 pm – How to Train & Be Trained – Dan Stormer & Jake Breidenbach
Starting Jan 21 @ 6:30 pm we will be having Adaptive exam prep clinics. They will held every two weeks on Thursdays at 6:30. Topics will be forthcoming
Join Zoom Meeting
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/
Meeting ID: 850 7392 0294
Passcode: 03069
One tap mobile
+14086380968,,85073920294#,,,,
+16699006833,,85073920294#,,,,
Dial by your location
+1 408 638 0968 US (San Jose
+1 669 900 6833 US (San Jose)
+1 253 215 8782 US (Tacoma)
+1 346 248 7799 US (Houston)
+1 646 876 9923 US (New York)
+1 301 715 8592 US (Germantown)
+1 312 626 6799 US (Chicago)
Meeting ID: 850 7392 0294
Passcode: 030690
Find your local number: https://us02web.zoom.us/u/
